The US decides where to invest $550 billion in Japanese funds, adding $8 billion in agricultural products.
The US and Japan simultaneously signed an executive order on automobile tariffs and a memorandum of understanding (MOU) on $550 billion in US investments on the 4th.
Japan secured the signing of an executive order imposing a 15% automobile export tariff in exchange for purchasing an additional $8 billion in US agricultural products, 100 Boeing passenger aircraft, and $7 billion in annual US LNG, all of which the US has decided to invest.
The Yomiuri Shimbun reported on the 5th that "annual procurement of US defense equipment and semiconductors under the National Defense Capabilities Development Plan is also expected to increase by several billion dollars." The Yomiuri Shimbun reported that "tariffs on semiconductors, including pharmaceuticals and manufacturing equipment, will be applied at rates that do not exceed those imposed on other countries, and tariffs on Japanese aircraft and parts will not be imposed."
On the 4th, US President Trump issued an Executive Order on Japan-US Tariff Measures, directing the Secretary of Commerce to "take action to reduce the tariff rate on imported Japanese passenger cars from the current 27.5% to 15% within seven days of publication in the Federal Register."
Concurrently, the Japanese government released a joint document on the US-Japan Tariff Agreement and a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) on Investment on the same day.
The Executive Order released by the White House stated that Japan "will endeavor to allow imported US automobiles that have received US safety certification to be sold in Japan without additional testing," and further stated that "special measures will be applied to reduce the burden of 'reciprocal tariffs' on Japan." Prior to the August 7th effective date, a flat 15% tariff will be applied to items with existing tariff rates below 15%, and no cross-tariffs will be added to items with tariff rates above 15%. The retroactive application of the new tariffs on August 7th allowed for refunds of over-collected taxes. A memorandum of understanding released by the Japanese government stated that regarding U.S. agricultural imports, Japan would increase its tariff-free import quota for U.S. agricultural products to 75% of the so-called "Minimum Access (MA)" (approximately 770,000 tons per year) and purchase $8 billion (approximately 1 trillion yen) worth of U.S. products, including corn and soybeans.
The memorandum specified that Japan would invest $550 billion (approximately 80 trillion yen) in the United States, with "investment destinations selected by the U.S. government," and included additional provisions for Japan's purchase of U.S. commercial aircraft and defense equipment.
Two-way trade between the U.S. and Japan reached approximately $230 billion in 2024, with Japan recording a trade surplus of approximately $70 billion. On July 22, Japan agreed to adjust its $550 billion investment fund in the United States. Reuters reported on the 5th that President Trump's executive order implementing the U.S.-Japan trade agreement signed on the 4th stated, "Under this agreement, the United States will impose a standard 15% tariff on nearly all Japanese imports into the United States, with separate sectoral treatment for automobiles and auto parts." It also stated that "aerospace products; generic pharmaceuticals; and natural resources not naturally available or produced in the United States" are exempt from the tariff-free treatment.
South Korea said on the same day that the executive order signed by President Trump to implement the trade agreement with Japan, which includes a 15% tariff reduction on Japanese auto imports, is expected to impact the auto industry.
The report stated, "Because the U.S. tariff on Korean auto imports will remain at 25%, Korean automakers will be at a competitive disadvantage compared to their Japanese competitors. Japan's 15% tariff rate will be applied retroactively to most products shipped from August 7th."
Reuters reported that a South Korean trade official was "evaluating the details of the executive order and engaging in in-depth discussions with the United States," but that it was "difficult to say when South Korea might receive the same auto tariff reduction."
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