Hundreds of bets placed on Saturday's attack on Friday, US-Iran talks on Thursday
Trump's Iranian "attack" on Friday, just before Saturday's attack, raised concerns about the possibility of a preemptive attack leak due to a meeting between Trump's special envoy and the Iranian foreign minister in Oman on Thursday.
A New York Times analysis of Polymarket data from this period revealed that while it was relatively rare for someone to place a significant bet on a US strike the next day, more than 150 accounts placed hundreds of bets totaling at least $1,000 on Friday, accurately predicting a US attack on Iran by Saturday and generating explosive profits.
The New York Times reported on the 3rd that "bettors placed more than $1,000 that the US would attack Iran the next day," and that "the surge in large bets on Polymarket on Friday, a day before the US and Israel launched an attack on Iran, suggested that some bettors may have anticipated the attack."
The Financial Times (FT) reported on the 3rd that “just before the airstrike on Saturday (the 28th), a total of 13 accounts accurately predicted the airstrike, and the $66,993 they bet on Polymarket turned into a profit of $330,000, a return of 390%.” “Of the 13 accounts that made a profit, 12 were created a few days before the attack, bet only on Iran-related markets, and most of the bets were concentrated in the 24 hours before the airstrike.”
Polymarket, one of the world's largest prediction markets, allows users to anonymously bet on virtually any future event, including elections and sports, with the largest bet being on war.
The New York Times analysis found that since late last year, more than $529 million has been traded predicting the timing of Iran's next attack, a bet that occurred the day before Trump personally ordered a surprise attack on Iran's nuclear facilities in June of last year.
Dartmouth economics professor and prediction market researcher Eric Zitzewitz told the New York Times that among the $100 billion in bets Friday, "the last-minute bets, amounting to about $855,000, make it seem like someone knew the timing."
The New York Times analysis found that at least 16 accounts that placed bets predicting the strike from Friday through Saturday ultimately made more than $100,000 each.
At least 109 accounts earned more than $10,000 from these bets, and one anonymous wallet that spent more than $60,000 on "yes" stocks in the days leading up to the attack earned nearly $500,000. By Friday, Polymarket users had been betting against each other, so only a small number expected an Iran strike on Saturday morning.
The New York Times reported that "Polymarket users saw a surge in bets on Friday that the US would not attack Iran by Saturday."
Polymarket bets are made using cryptocurrency on a publicly visible ledger, but the identities of the accounts making the trades remain anonymous.
"It's nearly impossible to identify the individuals behind these accounts," Nicholas Byman, CEO of blockchain analytics platform Bubblemaps, said in an email.
Over the weekend, Bubblemaps flagged six Polymarket accounts that had wagered a total of $1.2 million on the timing of an Iran attack, most of which were relatively new and had been trading on the strike until Saturday.
In Friday's trading, President Trump dispatched a special envoy to Iran, considering military action, while the two countries held talks on Thursday to prevent war.
Regular bettors may have traded based on this public information, while investors may have wanted to hedge against potential conflict in the region. Traders may have based their bets on social media rumors or other rumors.
On the other hand, betting on global events in large-scale bets has raised concerns about insider manipulation and the risk of military planning.
Just hours before the US military's January 3rd raid, personally orchestrated by Trump, that captured Venezuelan leader Nicolás Maduro, a surprise to the world even more so than the Iranian attack, a Polymarket user bet $32,000 on Maduro's removal by the end of January, earning over $400,000 in profits.
A New York Times analysis of Polymarket data from the period surrounding the Iran strike revealed that more than 150 accounts placed hundreds of bets of at least $1,000 on Friday, accurately predicting a US attack on Iran by Saturday.
According to the Times analysis, at least 16 accounts that bet on a strike between Friday and Saturday ultimately earned over $100,000 in profits. At least 109 accounts earned more than $10,000. One anonymous wallet, which spent more than $60,000 on "Yes" stocks (Saturday's attack) in the days leading up to the attack, earned nearly $500,000.
Only a small number of users expected a strike to occur by Saturday. Because Polymarket users were betting against each other, bets on Friday, when the US was expected not to attack Iran by Saturday, surged.
Based on contract prices, Polymarket's aggregate forecast indicated a low probability of an attack by Saturday.
The probability of a US attack on Friday varied from 7% to 26% throughout the day. This means that those who bet "Yes" on Friday could have made back several times their money if the strike actually occurred.
The New York Times reported that "Polymarket betting has raised suspicions of insider trading in the past," and that "in early February, Israeli authorities arrested several people on charges of using inside information obtained through their military roles to place bets on military operations." Israeli prosecutors announced on February 12 that an Israeli army reservist and a civilian used classified information to place bets on Israeli military operations on an online predictions platform.
Several people were arrested in connection with the incident, with two of them, a reservist and a civilian, charged this week with obstruction of justice, bribery, and "serious security crimes," prosecutors said. The charges stemmed from an investigation by the Israel Police, the military, and the domestic intelligence agency, Shin Bet, into "suspicion of gambling based on classified information disclosed by the reservist due to his role in the military."
The war bets were placed on the popular predictions platform Polymarket.
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