Russian military casualties: Top secret media: '70,000-150,000 dead' Ukrainian information: '700,000 casualties'
Russia and Ukraine treat war casualty statistics as state secrets and tightly control them, and Ukraine, in particular, closely monitors the number of its own military casualties, restricting journalists from reporting on the topic independently, withholding information from allies, and refraining from publishing demographic data.
The New York Times reported on the 21st that some independent Russian journalists and researchers have found an innovative way to tally the deaths and injuries in Russia by mining information from various sources such as obituaries, cemeteries, disability benefits, and notary databases, and that according to estimates by journalists from the Russian independent news outlet Mediazona and the BBC Russian Service, 78,000 soldiers have died as of November. The Russian independent news agency Meduza calculated that the Russian military had suffered 405,000 irreparable casualties by the end of October, adding up the estimated number of dead and seriously wounded. Olga Ivshina of the BBC used a similar method to estimate 484,000 Russian casualties over the same period, while Ukraine’s military intelligence and NATO member states each put the Russian military’s casualties at 600,000 to 700,000 killed and wounded as of October, the Times reported.
The Russian independent news agency Meduza, in collaboration with other independent outlets Mediazona and the BBC, conducted a new statistical analysis of war casualties, the main tool of which was to track down all inheritance cases opened by relatives of dead soldiers in Russia’s notary database. Independent media outlets have been compiling the data, with journalists from Meduza and Mediazona outpacing government programmers trying to find and download inheritance items and block them.
Calculations by some independent Russian journalists and researchers have begun to show a more accurate toll of the war, providing an assessment of Russia’s ability to continue fighting, and claim that Russia has lost more soldiers in the conflict than any other developed country since World War II.
Once the data was collected, the journalists used statistical tools developed during the pandemic to calculate how many Russian men of military age had been subject to inheritance lawsuits since the invasion, and an analysis of excess mortality rates led the journalists to estimate that by the end of October, Russia’s total military death toll would have reached nearly 150,000. After Russian independent journalists estimated the number of Russian soldiers killed in terms of casualties, journalists from the BBC, Mediazona, and Meduza quantified the severity of Russian combat injuries, consulted military experts, analyzed leaked personnel lists, and used veterans’ compensation statistics to estimate that “for every Russian soldier killed, approximately two others were seriously injured.”
British and Ukrainian military officials, as well as BBC researchers, claim that Russia suffered its highest number of casualties and deaths in October.
The Russian military made its biggest territorial advance in two years in October, advancing into eastern Ukraine’s Donbass region, but also suffered its highest casualties.
Specific information on Russian casualties, including those killed and wounded, is difficult to obtain.
The New York Times said, “Moscow has an incentive to minimize losses and release little information, while Ukraine and its allies have an incentive to exaggerate Russian losses.” “Even if the estimates are accurate, Western casualty estimates are often flawed because they lump together all casualties with the dead.”
Military experts say the category is too broad to fully describe the war situation, and soldiers with minor injuries can recover quickly and return to action.
What determines a military’s true fighting ability are irreplaceable, irreparable, and permanent losses-soldiers who are killed or so badly injured that they will never see combat again.
The Pentagon said it estimated Russian (and Ukraine) losses based on a variety of sources, including satellite imagery, intercepted communications, government statements, social media posts, and news articles.
U.S. officials previously called the resulting figures “low-quality estimates.” Military analysts and statisticians have called the lack of transparency and the sweeping nature of Western estimates of Russian casualties “an unreliable snapshot of the war,” the Times said.
In June, the Russian Defense Ministry counted 33 million men eligible for military service, according to a Russian government database obtained by the independent media outlet Meduza.
That compares with 6 million potential soldiers living in Ukraine before the Russian invasion in 2022, more than half of whom have since been added to the country’s military service database.
Yannis Kluge, a Russia expert at the German Institute for International and Security Affairs, said in an analysis of Russian budget data that “about 900 men enlisted in the Russian military every day in the first half of this year.” According to Russian budget data, recruits are lured by ever-increasing sign-up bonuses, salaries and bonuses that will change the financial fate of their families, regardless of whether they live or die, and the Kremlin is now looking beyond its borders for new fighters, drawing volunteers from dozens of developing countries and troops from its ally, North Korea.
The New York Times reported that “the pace of recruitment has allowed the Russian military to not only replenish its losses but also create new units,” adding that “the Pentagon said in November that the Kremlin had deployed 50,000 Russian and North Korean troops jointly to drive out Ukrainian forces from Russia’s Kursk region.”
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