Korea's Disaster Safety Act recognizes an accident as a disaster only when an accident occurs, and administrative officials have built a system that has nothing to do with the preservation of people's lives by preventing the occurrence of an accident, avoiding the mass crushing of the crowd.
The Disaster and Management and Safety Act (Disaster Security Act) only defines “natural disasters” and “social disasters” in Article 3 (disaster definition) as “damage beyond the scale prescribed by the Presidential Decree and paralysis of the national core infrastructure caused by accidents, etc.” From the outset, the disaster law excluded incidents in which a large number of people flocked to a narrow alley in the country.
According to the law, ‘accidents’ of disasters are only defined as “fire, collapse, explosion, traffic accident, chemical accident, environmental pollution accident, and spread of infectious disease”.
Minister of the Interior and Safety Lee Sang-min told reporters on the 30th about the mass fatality accident in Itaewon, "As you well know yesterday, there were various riots and demonstrations in downtown Seoul, so there was an aspect that the police and security forces were dispersed in these places. Many of the police guards were deployed to this side of Gwanghwamun (where the rally was held),” he said, confirming the pre-arrangement to the political rally.
Minister Lee continued, "You said 'a large crowd is expected today', but as far as we know, there was a situation where Corona was solved like that of last year, of course, but compared to before, it is particularly worrying. It was not that there were so many people,” he said, excluding information on densely populated 100,000 people and the disaster prevention system.
The Hankyoreh reported on the deployment of 200 police officers through an interview with merchants in Itaewon on the same day and said, “During the global festival, vehicles were controlled and people only moved in one direction, but this time there was no such control.”
Previously, the Itaewon Global Village Festival was held in Itaewon from the 15th to the 16th, and was sponsored by the Itaewon Special Tourism Zone Association and sponsored by Seoul and Yongsan-gu, the police controlled vehicle entry from the start.
Regarding the 'police deployed', Minister Lee said, "As it was expected that a large number of citizens would gather yesterday as well, many of the police guards were deployed to this side of Gwanghwamun. It seems to have been woven.”
The New York Times reported that 'Seoul Night of Joy became a tragedy in which 100 people died due to crowd crushing'. We have restricted the movement of emergency vehicles to and from the place of death," he said.
Director Lee Sang-min of the Korea Institute of Disaster and Safety Technology said on the same day, “Disaster management response is divided into four stages: prevention-preparation (abnormal countermeasures)-response-recovery (abnormal follow-up countermeasures). About 70% of the disaster management budget is invested in proactive measures, and 30% is invested in reactive measures,” he told KBS.
In the Disaster Act of Korea, in Article 3, 'Definition of Disaster', Paragraph 4 (Safety Management), "Safety management refers to all activities performed to secure the safety of people's lives, bodies and properties from disasters or other accidents. “Only the high regulations, 'disasters limited to accidents,' are subject to actual management.
Article 3 Disaster definition limited ‘social disasters’ to ‘post-accident’ in addition to ‘natural disasters’ and ‘overseas disasters’.
In the UK, the national disaster law prioritizes the initiative of local governments and grants mutual horizontal status, so independent judgment is the basis for disaster response.
Disaster safety in the United States is a systematic management response of the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) and the Federal Fire Service (USFA).
In South Korea, the police monopolized the power to command disaster sites, relying on the intelligence police to make information decisions.
As a result, the Disaster Act monopolized the budget and dispersed responsibilities in the form of a 'Central Countermeasures Headquarters' (countermeasures, Prime Minister), 'Central Investigation Headquarters' (residue, minister), and 'Quarantine Headquarters' (Bangdaebon, Covid, KCDC).
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